日本海洋地球科学技术机构Masaru K. Nobu高级研究员
学术讲座通知
报告题目：Human-driven evolution of new bacterial lineages in the 20th century
报告人：日本海洋地球科学技术机构Masaru K. Nobu高级研究员
报告时间：2024年6月4日（周二）, 9:30-10:30
报告地点：江安校区皇冠集团游戏平台A201会议室
主持人：皇冠环境系 汤岳琴 教授
主办单位：皇冠集团游戏平台环境工程系、四川省微生物学会环境微生物专委会
报告内容：Industrial production and release of artificial “xenobiotic” compounds has consequently led to massive environmental pollution and, in many cases, microorganisms have been at the front line of countering these abrupt changes by metabolizing xenobiotics. Whether these microbial lineages/metabolisms emerged recently in response to pollution or life was already equipped with relevant abilities remains unexplored. Here, we trace the evolutionary histories of microorganisms that can degrade xenobiotic plastics precursors (i.e., terephthalate[TA] and isophthalate [IA]) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most abundantly produced polymers. We found that anaerobic bacteria, APeX and AsyX, that emerged recently in habitats engineered directly in the plastics industry (after 1989) innovated novel genes for xenobiotic TA/IA degradation. All such organisms evolved from phyla with ancient aromatic compound metabolism (Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota). On the other hand, a soil-associated aerobic bacterial family Burkholderiaceae is estimated to have innovated TA/IAmetabolism pre-industrialization likely to metabolize plant-derived TA/IA.Likewise, PET metabolism of Burkholderiaceae arose through versatile hydrolases innovated by Actinomycetota targeting a plant polymer, cutin. These show that industrialization drove emergence of new lineages of life and plants drove “preemptive” evolution of organisms that can remediate xenobiotics, with both types of organisms depending on ancient evolutionary features to accomplish contemporary xenobiotics utilization.
报告人简介：Masaru Konishi Nobu高级研究员，毕业于美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳香槟分校，目前就职于日本海洋地球科学技术机构。主要从事包括人工系统和自然环境在内的各种生境的微生物生态学、微生物系统进化相关研究，已在Nature、Science、ISME J、Nature Comm等高水平期刊发表论文60余篇，担任The ISME Journal、Frontiers in Microbiology等杂志的编辑，获得日本文部省“Nice Step Researcher”、Sicence期刊“2019 Breakthroughs of the Year”等10余项奖项。
